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Chronological patristics
Early Christian Writings: The Apostolic Fathers (Classics)Early Christian Writings: The Apostolic Fathers (Classics) by Penguin
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Some of the earliest Christian texts outside of the NT (see also the Odes of Solomon, the first Christian book of hymns).
Irenaeus's "Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching": A Theological Commentary and TranslationIrenaeus's "Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching": A Theological Commentary and Translation by Iain M. MacKenzie
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The first Christian intellectual giant and a theologian well-suited for modern sensibilities.
Exhortation to the Greeks (Loeb Classical Library)Exhortation to the Greeks (Loeb Classical Library) by Clement of Alex
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The first person to truly marry classical pagan education with the Christian faith. The first book of three, intended to convert the heathens; books 2 and 3 then are to teach the fullness of the Way.
The Treatise on the Apostolic Tradition of Saint Hippolytus of Rome, Bishop and MartyrThe Treatise on the Apostolic Tradition of Saint Hippolytus of Rome, Bishop and Martyr
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A very interesting book, concerning the rites and liturgy of the early Church.
Song of Songs: Commentary and Homilies (Ancient Christian Writers)Song of Songs: Commentary and Homilies (Ancient Christian Writers) by Origen
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Maybe the first great Christian mystic classic. His most influential works though, are On first principles and Against Celsus.
Letters: v. 1 (Ancient Christian Writers)Letters: v. 1 (Ancient Christian Writers) by St.Cyprian
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First important Christian writer of letters. Also a staunch defender of both the equality of bishops AND the primacy of Peter.
The History of the Church (Penguin Classics)The History of the Church (Penguin Classics) by Eusebius
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The history of the Church from its humble beginnings till right up to the first ecumenical council in 325. Some parts written before and during last great persecution.
The Sayings of the Desert Fathers: The Alphabetical Collection (Cistercian Studies Series)The Sayings of the Desert Fathers: The Alphabetical Collection (Cistercian Studies Series)
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One of several collections of sayings and acts of the first monks, who incidentally started the first revival as well! Antony the great, Pachomius, Macarius and others.
On the IncarnationOn the Incarnation by St.Athanasius
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The preface by CS Lewis makes this the edition to get. A must-read for the intellectual and a should-read for all christians. Profound, but not hard to read at all.
Works: v. 1 (Fathers of the Church Series)Works: v. 1 (Fathers of the Church Series) by St.Cyril of Jerusalem
This excellent exposition on baptism and faith by the inventor of Holy Week is also available from Saint Vladimir's press.
On the Holy SpiritOn the Holy Spirit by St.Basil
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Solid proof that God is triune and that Christ and the Holy Ghost are both divine by nature. By one of the great intellectuals of the time.
On God and Christ: The Five Theological Orations and Two Letters to Cledonius (St. Vladimir's Seminary Press "popular patristics" series)On God and Christ: The Five Theological Orations and Two Letters to Cledonius (St. Vladimir's Seminary Press "popular patristics" series) by Gregory of Nazianzus
Who said liberal theology is a recent invention? Neither is its refutatation. A brilliant piece of writing from Basil's best friend.
Life of Moses (Classics of Western Spirituality Series)Life of Moses (Classics of Western Spirituality Series) by Saint,Bishop of Nyssa Gregory
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Brother of Basil and one of the great mystics of the Church. A must read, but don't forget On the soul and resurrection - heavily influenced by his sister Macrinas theological insights.
John Chrysostom (Early Church Fathers)John Chrysostom (Early Church Fathers) by Pauline Allen
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The greatest preacher ever? Maybe. Anything by this brilliant rhetor (who composed the main Eastern liturgy) is worthwhile reading for those who are prepared to find out the truth about themselves.
Theological and Dogmatic Works: 044 (Fathers of the Church Series)Theological and Dogmatic Works: 044 (Fathers of the Church Series) by Saint Ambrose
Considering the price, this might not be the book to get, but we just can't overlook the four great western doctors. Go look for free e-texts if you can't afford this hefty price.
The Confessions of St. Augustine (Signet Classics)The Confessions of St. Augustine (Signet Classics) by St Augustine
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The first autobiography proper and THE book to read by the greatest western theologian.
On Illustrious Men (Fathers of the Church Series)On Illustrious Men (Fathers of the Church Series) by Saint Jerome
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The first patrological textbook - written in 393! Jerome might be more known for the Vulgate Bible-translation, and his letters are well worth reading as well.
On the Unity of ChristOn the Unity of Christ by St. Cyril of Alexandria
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The book which split christendom - twice. The tragic consequences of different interpretations of Cyril's theology are with us to this day.
Pseudo-Dionysius: The Complete Works (Classics of Western Spirituality)Pseudo-Dionysius: The Complete Works (Classics of Western Spirituality) by Dionysius the Areopagite
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The complete works of the greatest christian mystic ever, who fused monophysite and neo-platonic ideas to form the splendid pinnacle of - orthodoxy!?
The Life of St. BenedictThe Life of St. Benedict by Pope Gregory I
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With Ambrose, Augustine and Jerome the fourth great western doctor. Check out the rule of Benedict too, while you're at it.
Ladder of Divine Ascent (Classics of Western Spirituality Series)Ladder of Divine Ascent (Classics of Western Spirituality Series) by St.John Climacus
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Together with Isaac the syrian of Nineveh the greatest of the post-Areopagite mystics of the Eastern Church
Selected Writings (Classics of Western Spirituality Series)Selected Writings (Classics of Western Spirituality Series) by St.Maximus the Confessor
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The last fifty years have seen the gradual rediscovery of the greatest theologian of the Eastern Church and his magnificent vision of man and cosmos redeemed in Christ.
On the Divine ImagesOn the Divine Images by St.John Damascene
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Written not only in defence of the icons, but in defence of the humanity of Christ and the goodness of creation.
Discourses (Classics of Western Spirituality Series)Discourses (Classics of Western Spirituality Series) by The New Theologian,Saint Symeon
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The third (and last?) given the honorary name of theologian by the Eastern Church (efter John the Evangelist and Gregory of Nazians), a great charismatic and revivalist.
The Triads (Classics of Western Spirituality Series)The Triads (Classics of Western Spirituality Series) by Gregory Palamas
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I know it's yet another Easterner, but you just can't overlook the uncreated Light of Tabor.